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Human
Carotid Artery Endothelial Cells (HCtAEC) are
primary endothelial cells isolated from normal
carotid arteries and are cryopreserved at third
passage. HCtAEC can be propagated at least 10
doublings. The brachiocephalic artery is the first
branch from the aortic arch. It
bifurcates to form the right common carotid artery,
which supplies blood to the head and neck, and the
right subclavian artery, which supplies blood to the
head and right arm. Both of the corresponding
left arteries branch directly from the aortic arch.
Carotid artery
endothelial cells produce a chemotactic factor for
monocytes, but not neutrophils, and this signal is
increased after exposure of the endothelial cells to
very low-density lipoprotein (b-VLDL)
1. Reduced blood flow during pregnancy is
associated with hypotrophy of the endothelial and
smooth muscle cells of the carotid artery in the
guinea pig2. Oxidative stress suppresses
the secretion of endothelin-1 by bovine carotid
artery endothelial cells3. Insulin and
insulin-like growth factor I stimulate migration and
tube forming activity of bovine carotid artery
endothelial cells in an angiogenesis in vitro model4,
while high glucose-induced serum factor sulfhydryl
oxidation, causes growth inhibition5.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been
implicated in the formation of these plaques in the
brachiocephalic artery6, and the carotid
artery7.
1.
Berliner, JA et al., Arteriosclerosis 6(3):254
(1986).
2.
Jovanovic, S & Jovanovic, A. Hum Reprod.
13(4):1074 (1998).
3.
Saito, T et al., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 31(S1):S345
(1998).
4.
Nadao-Hayashi, J et al., Atherosclerosis.
92(2-3):141 (1992).
5.
Nakao-Hayashi, J et al., Atherosclerosis. 97((1):89
(1992).
6.
Johnson, JL et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
102(43):15575 (2005).
7.
Abilleira, S et al., J Med Genet. 43(12):897 (2006).
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