Anti-mAChR M2: Rabbit mAChR M2 (CHRM2) Antibody

The M2 mAChR is responsible for various physiologically important regulatory functions in tissues such as heart, smooth muscle, and brain. M2 mAChRs are the primary muscarinic subtype in the heart where their stimulation leads to the regulation of myocardial contractility. As with other GPCRs, M2 mAChR activity is tightly regulated by desensitization and internalization. These regulatory mechanisms are typically associated with receptor phosphorylation followed by either recycling or down-regulation. It has been demonstrated that the agonist-dependent internalization of the M2mAChR by the endogenous machinery in HEK293 cells is independent of arrestins and dynamin. Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the M2 mAChR does appear to play a key role in the internalization of these receptors, as phosphorylation-deficient mutants exhibit a reduction in the rate and extent of internalization. Although the M2 and M4 receptors transduce their signals through the same second messengers but internalize though different pathways. It was demonstrated that the M2 endocytic pathway utilizes Arf6 and Rab22 while M4 uses Rab5 and Rab11 for its endocytic pathway. Moreover, M2 and M4 do not colocalize in vesicles during their initial stages of endocytosis.³ In addition, it was also shown that allosteric modulators change the trafficking properties of M2 mAChRs by a mechanism that may involve a modification in receptor internalization properties. These changes in receptor trafficking can be manifested at both the level of ligand binding as well as the level of cellular responsiveness.⁴