E-Selectin ELISA Kit, Human

E-selectin is an endothelial cell-specific membrane glycoprotein that mediates slow rolling and stable arrest of leukocytes on endothelium during inflammation. E-selectin binds two ligands, PSGL-1 and E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1).² Some glycolipids can support E-selectin dependent rolling in vitro. Its function in mediating leukocyte rolling is largely redundant with that of P-selectin. E-selectin operates “downstream” from P-selectin, more toward the firm adhesion step of the cascade. E-selectin is not constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, but is transcriptionally induced by NF-κB and AP-1 in response to inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Consequently, elevated E-selectin expression was reported in many types of inflammatory diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer. In addition to E-selectin-mediated inflammation, many studies have suggested a potential involvement of E-selectin in the attachment and transmigration of circulatory metastatic cancer cells through the endothelium.³ In addition, there is evidence that E-selectin may play a role in angiogenesis. It was shown that antibodies directed against E-selectin inhibited the formation of capillary-like tubes in vitro. It was reported that soluble E-selectin, which lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, induces angiogenesis in the rat cornea and stimulates chemotaxis and tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) through Src- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated pathways. E-selectin is closely associated with essential events of angiogenesis including endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and neovascularization.⁴