MMP-1 ELISA Kit, Human

Human fibroblast collagenase (MMP-1) was the first vertebrate collagenase purified as a protein and cloned as a cDNA, and is considered the prototype for all the interstitial collagenases. It is synthesized as a zymogen where N-terminal residues are removed by proteolysis and shares with other MMPs a catalytic domain and a carboxy terminal domain with sequence similarity to hemopexin. Importantly, MMP-1 should be considered a multifunctional molecule since it participates not only in the turnover of collagen fibrils in the extracellular space but also in the cleavage of a number of non-matrix substrates and cell surface molecules suggesting a role in the regulation of cellular behaviour.² The release of MMP-1 by endothelial cells is crucial for angiogenesis, and cleavage of collagen type I, a substrate of MMP-1, is required for endothelial cell invasion into the ECM and for vessel formation in vivo. MMP-1 was shown to specifically degrade insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins 2, 3 and 5, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) binding protein and transforming growth factor (TGF)- binding protein and release IGF, FGF and TGF- . Furthermore, an extensive body of evidence indicates that MMP-1 plays an important role in diverse physiologic processes such as development, tissue morphogenesis, and wound repair. Likewise, it seems to be implicated in a variety of human diseases including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary emphysema and fibrotic disorders, suggesting that its inhibition or stimulation may open therapeutic avenues. Elevated MMP-1 expression correlates with invasiveness of colorectal cancer and cutaneous melanoma, and is associated with lymph node metastasis in stage IB cervical cancer and peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. Animal studies have suggested that overexpression of MMP-1 protein has a role in initiating mammary tumorigenesis by degrading stroma and releasing growth factors and other mitogens for epithelial cellsECM degradation by MMPs including MMP-1 was also shown to perturb cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions and disassociate cells from ECM, leading to increased cell division, decreased apoptosis and tumorigenesis.³