Blood

Blood is a highly specialized fluid connective tissue essential for systemic oxygen transport, nutrient distribution, metabolic waste clearance, and cellular immune surveillance. Unlike solid tissues, the functional architecture of blood is inherently dynamic, relying on a continuous influx of short-lived cellular elements suspended within a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma). In the adult, hematopoiesis is primarily localized within the bone marrow, with sites like the spleen and liver only prominent during fetal development or in pathological states of extramedullary hematopoiesis.

To evaluate these cellular networks in vitro, researchers leverage an array of isolated cell subsets. These range from primary stem and progenitor cells—such as Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Bone Marrow (HHSC-BM) and Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Liver (HHSC-L)—to mature circulating lineages like Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes (HPBM) and Human Dendritic Cells-Peripheral Blood (HDC-PB).

Investigators routinely utilize total cellular fractions, including Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC / HMNC-PB) and Human Mononuclear Cells from Bone Marrow (HMNC-BM).