Product Sheet CA1225
Description
BACKGROUND Cyclin-D2 is encoded by the CCND2 gene in human. It belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family that control cell cycle progression in an orderly fashion from G1 to S- to G2/M.1 In mammalian cells, progression through the cell cycle is governed by a family of Cdks, whose activity is regulated by phosphorylation, activated by binding of cyclins, and inhibited by Cdk inhibitors. Three D-type cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) are expressed in G1 phase of the cell cycle and depending on cell lineage. D-type cyclins form complexes with and activate cdk2, -4, and -6 duringthe G1 phase of the cell cycle.2 The INK4 family of cell cycle inhibitors (P16INK4a, P15INK4b, P18INK4c, and P19INK4d) negatively regulates the activity of Cdk4/6 by preventing cyclin D binding. A key substrate for G1 cyclin/cdk complexes is the retino-blastoma protein, pRb. Phosphorylation of pRb, a tumor suppressor gene product, has been attributed to cyclin/cdk complexes and implicated in the regulation of proliferation in mammalian cells, phosphorylation of pRb blocks its ability to suppress the activity of S phase promoting transcription factors such as E2F. Apart from the positive roles that D-type cyclins play in cell cycle progression, a number of recent studies have shown that D-type cyclins also perform cdk-independent functions and, in certain cell types, even prevent cdks from being activated.3 Up-regulation of cyclin D2 has been implicated in human gastric carcinoma.4
REFERENCES
1. Tsihlias J et al.: Annu. Rev. Med., 50: 401–423, 1999.
2. Sweeney KJ et al.: Oncogene 14:1329 - 1340, 1997.
3. Pagano M et al.: Genes Dev., 8, 1627 - 1639, 1994.
4. Nakayama OY et al.: Int J Oncol.;23:1663-70, 2003.
2. Sweeney KJ et al.: Oncogene 14:1329 - 1340, 1997.
3. Pagano M et al.: Genes Dev., 8, 1627 - 1639, 1994.
4. Nakayama OY et al.: Int J Oncol.;23:1663-70, 2003.
Products are for research use only. They are not intended for human, animal, or diagnostic applications.
(Click to Enlarge) Western Blot detection of endogenous Cyclin D2 proteins from various normal primary cell lysates using Cyclin D2 antibody. HUVEC: Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; HSkMC: Human Skeletal Muscle Cells; ROb: Rat Osteoblasts.
Details
Cat.No.: | CA1225 |
Antigen: | Peptide containing human Cyclin D2 N-terminal sequence. |
Isotype: | Rabbit Polyclonal |
Species & predicted species cross- reactivity ( ): | Human, Rat, Mouse |
Applications & Suggested starting dilutions: | WB 1:1000 IP 1:50 IHC (Paraffin) 1:100 ICC n/d FACS n/d |
Predicted Molecular Weight of protein: | 30 kDa |
Specificity/Sensitivity: | Detects endogenous levels of Cyclin D2 protein in normal primary cell lysates. |
Storage: | Store at 4° C for frequent use; at -20° C for at least one year. |
*Optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user.
Products
| Product | Size | CAT.# | Price | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyclonal Cyclin D2 Antibody: Polyclonal Cyclin D2 Antibody | Size: 100 ul | CAT.#: CA1225 | Price: $302.00 |