Product Sheet CL0376
Description
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a polypeptide protein hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin. It is the product of the IGF-1 gene, which has been mapped to chromosome 12 in humans and chromosome 10 in mice. The mammalian gene consists of at least 6 exons, and transcription results from at least 2 transcription start sites located on exon 1 and exon 2. Additional complexity results from the presence of distinct carboxyterminal E domains of IGF-1 (Ea and Eb variants). Exon 1 and Ea-containing transcripts are expressed ubiquitously, whereas exon 2 and Eb transcripts are expressed more specifically in the liver. IGF-1 has a fundamental role in both prenatal and postnatal development and exerts all of its known physiologic effects by binding to the IGF-1R, and its effects are modulated by multiple IGFBPs.1 Circulating IGF-1 is generated by the liver under the control of growth hormone. The binding of growth hormone with its hepatic receptor stimulates expression and release of IGF-1 peptide in the circulation, which has high affinity for IGFBPs, and represents the endocrine form of IGF-1. In addition to the liver, many other organs produce IGF-1, which has a lower affinity for IGFBPs, representing autocrine and paracrine form of IGF-1. In vivo, the IGF-1 is bound to a family of six structurally and evolutionarily related IGF binding proteins (IGFBP1 through IGFPB6). In serum, the majority (70–80%) of the IGF-1 exist in a 150-kDa complex comprised of one IGF molecule, IGFBP-3, and the acid labile subunit (ALS). A smaller proportion (∼20%) of the IGF-1 are associated with other serum IGFBPs within a 50-kDa complex, and less than 5% of the IGF-1 are found in the free form of 7.5 kDa. ALS is a protein that binds to the IGF/IGFBP-3 binary complex, primarily in serum. Association with ALS prolongs the t1/2 of serum IGFs and facilitates their endocrine actions. Circulating IGF-I levels seem to be modestly associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women, but not among postmenopausal women.2
The human IGF-1 receptor is the product of a single-copy gene located on chromosome 15 and is ubiquitously expressed. The mature receptor is a tetramer consisting of 2 extracellular alpha-chains and 2 intracellular beta-chains. The beta-chains include an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain that is thought to be essential for most of the receptor’s biologic effects. Upon binding to IGF-1, IGF-1R signaling is activated, which involves autophosphorylation and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) -1, -2, -3, and -4. IRS serves as a docking protein and can activate multiple signaling pathways, including phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The activation of these signaling pathways induces differential biologic actions of IGF-1, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. "Cross-talk" between IGF-1 and other growth factors makes the IGF-1 signaling cascade more complicated. Besides its normal growth and development, IGF-1 also plays a prominent role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation.3
The human IGF-1 receptor is the product of a single-copy gene located on chromosome 15 and is ubiquitously expressed. The mature receptor is a tetramer consisting of 2 extracellular alpha-chains and 2 intracellular beta-chains. The beta-chains include an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain that is thought to be essential for most of the receptor’s biologic effects. Upon binding to IGF-1, IGF-1R signaling is activated, which involves autophosphorylation and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) -1, -2, -3, and -4. IRS serves as a docking protein and can activate multiple signaling pathways, including phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The activation of these signaling pathways induces differential biologic actions of IGF-1, including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. "Cross-talk" between IGF-1 and other growth factors makes the IGF-1 signaling cascade more complicated. Besides its normal growth and development, IGF-1 also plays a prominent role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation.3
REFERENCES
1. Jones, J.I. & Clemmons, D.R.: Endocr. Rev.16:3-34, 1995
2. Schernhammer, E.S. et al: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 14:699-704, 2005
3. Heemskerk,V.H. et al: Cytokine Groth Fact. Rev. 10:5-14, 1999
2. Schernhammer, E.S. et al: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 14:699-704, 2005
3. Heemskerk,V.H. et al: Cytokine Groth Fact. Rev. 10:5-14, 1999
Products are for research use only. They are not intended for human, animal, or diagnostic applications.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) ELISA Kit Standard Curve: Using the Human IGF-1 ELISA Kit, O.D. data was graphed against IGF-1 protein concentration. The TMB reaction was incubated at 37°C for 27 min.
Details
Cat.No.: | CL0376 |
Target Protein Species: | Human |
Range: | 62.5 pg/ml – 4000 pg/ml |
Specificity: | No detectable cross-reactivity with other cytokines |
Storage: | Store at 4°C. Use within 6 months. |
ELISA Kits are based on standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. Freshly prepared standards, samples, and solutions are recommended for best results.
Products
| Product | Size | CAT.# | Price | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human IGF-1 ELISA Kit: Human IGF-1 ELISA Kit | Size: 96 Wells | CAT.#: CL0376 | Price: $485.00 |
Resources/Documents
Publications
2014
Matz-Soja, M, S. Aleithe, E. Marbach, J. Böttger, K. Arnold, W. Schmidt-Heck, J. Kratzsch and R. Gebhardt. 2014. Hepatic Hedgehog signaling contributes to the regulation of IGF1 and IGFBP1 serum levels. Cell Comm & Signaling, DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-12-11.